The system is called 'double-entry' because each transaction is recorded in at least two accounts. Each transaction results in at least one account being debited and at least one account being credited with the total debits of the transaction equal to the total credits.
For example: if Company A sells an item to Company B and Company B pays Company A by cheque then the bookkeeper of Company A credits the account "Sales" and debits the account "Bank". Conversely the bookkeeper of Company B debits the account "Purchases" and credits the account "Bank".
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